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Article Annotations and keywords V.V. Rusakova, T.P. Lobanova
Prospects for Application of High Strength Pipes for Long Distance Gas Transmission Projects
Keywords: new gas transmission projects, working pressure increase, efficiency, safety
Successful implementation of new large-scale projects by Gazprom is supported by the introduction of modern gas transmission technologies, including the construction of next generation high pressure gas pipelines with the use of high strength pipes. Application of this approach allows for a reduction of capital expenditures and for enhancement of the commercial efficiency of gas transmission from new fields in the Yamal Peninsula. Science and technology issues related to the application of high strength pipes for the above and follow-on projects are discussed. These include certain difficulties for welding operations arising from the use of high strength pipes, as well as a higher risk of long running ductile fractures. A.B. Arabey, T.S. Esiev, V.A. Egorov, V.O. Makhanev, S.E. Yakovlev
Development and Industrial Manufacture of Pipes for Onshore Ultra-High-Pressure Gas Pipelines
Keywords: electric welded pipes, large diameter pipes, chemical composition, geometric parameters, mechanical testing, mechanical aging
To support construction of the onshore section of the North European gas pipeline with the operating pressure of 22.15 MPa, including the Portovaya compressor station (CS), Specifications for Pipes and Fittings for North European Gas Pipeline Section from Portovaya CS to Border of Nord Stream Gas Pipeline Offshore Section, and Specifications for Pipes and Fittings for Portovaya CS of North European Gas Pipeline have been developed.
Pilot batches of X70 grade pipes sized 812.8х32.5 and 812.8х39.0 mm have been manufactured by Vyksa Steel Works using JCO forming technology. P.P. Stepanov, S.A. Grishin, A.A. Kuzmin, A.S. Mitin, L.I. Efron, Vyksa Steel Works, A.B. Arabey
Development and Implementation of X80 Grade Pipes Made by Vyksa Steel Works for Bovanenkovo – Ukhta Gas Trunkline Construction, and Prospects of High Strength Pipes Development for Gazprom’s Facilities
Keywords: large diameter pipes, high strength pipe steel
The paper sums up the results of Vyksa Steel Works (WSW) in the area of high strength, large diameter pipes production for the Bovanenkovo – Ukhta gas trunkline project. The authors describe the main stages of the technological process for production of 1,420 mm K65 grade pipes for Gazprom and assess their consumer properties. C. Kalwa, W. Schleich, A. Liessem, J. Schroder
Experience of K65 GradePipes Manufacturing for Bovanenkovo – Ukhta Project
Keywords: Bovanenkovo – Ukhta project, K65 pipes
The paper summarizes industrial developments for the Bovanenkovo – Ukhta project. It shows that high strength K65 grade material can be effectively used in low temperature conditions and secures necessary resistance to ductile crack propagation. It also demostrates that the pipes produced in a high capacity UOE-mill safely comply with all the necessary requirements. H. Shitamoto, N. Takanashi, I. Matsukhiro, M. Hamada, M. Nagacer, S. Fujita
Full-Scale Bending Tests of Welded Circumferential Joint for High Strength X80 Grade Pipes
Keywords: X80 grade steel, high strength pipes
The paper is dedicated to high strength pipes of gas trunklines, which could be operated under the high pressure. The main point of this issue is to ensure the durability in a circular direction of the pipe. In similar conditions it is very difficult to find out the criteria necessary for leakage and fracture prevention in a gas pipeline. The pipe characteristics and the interaction between the pipe and the soil should also be considered. Gas trunklines are produced by circumferential welding of separate pipes. Designing (considering the deformation) requires the research of the pipeline deformability. The authors performed an industrial bending test for circumferentially welded pipes. I.Yu. Pyshmintsev, A.N. Maltseva, M.A. Smirnov
Role of Structural Components in Modern High Strength Steel Properties Formation for Gas Trunklines
Keywords: low-carbon pipe steel, ferrite-bainite structure
The paper examines the austenite cooling (1–32 deg/s) to form a ferrite-bainite structure with various proportions of structural components. It is shown that primarily bainite structures appearing at high cooling rates ensures lower crack growth resistance under static loads if compared to structures with polygonal ferrite. At the same time this structure is more efficient under dynamic loads. The adverse effect on critical crack opening, temperature of ductile-brittle transition and resistance to hydrogen attacks is explained by the treatment. This treatment produces large areas of metastable austenite in ferrite-bainite structures. S.Yu. Nastich, Yu.D. Morozov, O.N. Chevskaya, V.I. Izotov
Metallurgical Validation of Plate Iron Production for Promising Gas Trunkline Projects of Gazprom
Keywords: gas trunklines, microstucture, needle ferrite, bainite
The paper describes the cross-impact analysis of steel chemical composition and rolling technologies impact on structure formation in low alloy X80 grade steel. The electron microscopy revealed the structural elements typical for steel. Taking into account pneumatic field testing, the most preferable steel structure is presented by the combination of blocked morphology disperse products (needle and granulate ferrite) and hydrocarbon bearing phase in the form of small inclusions of upper bainite and metastable austenite. The steel with low resistibility to extended plastic fracture is marked by the presence of the extended areas of bainite ferrite and cementite along the border of grains (blocks) of ferrite. I.Yu. Pyshmintsev, A.O. Struin, M.A. Valov, E.R. Nasybulina, A.B. Arabey, T.S. Esiev
Energy Intensity of K65 (X80) Grade Pipe Steel Fracture
Keywords: K65 grade steel
The paper outlines features of K65 (X80) grade pipes deformation during ductile failure propagation.
The authors demonstrates that ductile failure resistance of the base metal in pipes depends on its ductility (ability to flow) near the apex of a propagating fracture. Laboratory testing method is proposed, allowing to determine and normalize ductile failure resistance of K65 (X80) grade steel. I.Yu. Pyshmintsev, A.M. Gervasiev, A.N. Maltseva, A.O. Struin
Features of K65 (X80) Grade Pipes Microtexture and Texture, Affecting Pipe Material Ability to Arrest Extended Ductile Fracture
Keywords: high strength pipe steel, crack resistance, microstructure, texture
Full-scale pneumatic tests of pilot batches of K65 (X80) grade pipes for the Bovanenkovo – Ukhta gas pipeline demonstrated ductile fracture propagation features in the base metal. Failures in pipes unable to arrest the main fracture ware accompanied by intense splitting of the failure surface, leading to decreased deformation of the metal adjacent to the failure surface and, consequently, to insufficient energy intensity of fracture propagation. It was determined that crystallographic texture which provides for cleavage faces to be predominantly located parallel to the rolling plane did not necessarily lead to increased susceptibility to splitting in steels under study. A.B. Arabey, I.Yu. Pyshmintsev,.M. Farber, V.A. Khotinov, A.O. Struin,
Peculiarities of X80 (K65) Grade Pipe Steel Fracture
Keywords: gas trunkline, high strength steel, crack resistance
The paper outlines features (shape, size, distribution) of splitting, secondary cracks on the Charpy samples. The conclusions were made on the basis of serial curves and full thickness samples tested for static crack resistance. Splitting data comparison and samples energy parameters correlation helped to find out their role in the crack resistance process of welded X80 (K65) grade pipe steel. A.B. Arabey, V.M. Farber, I.Yu. Pyshmintsev, A.G. Glebov, O.V. Selivanova, N.V. Lezhnin,
Microstructure and Dispersed Phases of High Strength Steels for Large Diameter Gas Pipes
Keywords: dispersed phases, low carbon steels, microalloying, large diameter pipes
The paper studies a microstructure, phase and chemical composition of the base metal in welded large diameter steel pipes from two manufacturers. The size and shape of ferrite grains and strengthening component (bainite/martensite), their relative quantity, distribution of dislocations in ferrite, bainite (martensite) were examined by means of electron microscopy of thin foils and extracted replicas. A.V. Latyshev, E.V. Petrusenko, A.P. Sazonov, S.A. Ryzhov,
Development of Welding Joints Insulation Technology for Bovanenkovo – Ukhta GTS. Submerged Crossing via Baidarata Bay
Keywords: welding joints insulation, submerged pipelines, polymer coating
The Baidarata Bay features a harsh Artic climate with a high annual temperature amplitude, frequent storms and snowstorms and high relative humidity throughout the year. Considering these circumstances, it has been proposed to apply thermosetting coating in combination with bitumen-polymer materials and fill welding joint areas with polyurethane foam to isolate welding joints of the pipeline submerged crossing via the Baidarata Bay.
The paper covers features of the process and states requirements for the coating system. E.I. Konikevich, Yu.M. Proselkov
Virtual Model to Examine Temperature Conditions in Wells at Underground Gas Storage Facilities
Keywords: underground gas storage, virtual model
The paper gives the equations for gas temperature calculation subject to a well depth during gas injection into and withdrawal from an underground gas storage facility. It also presents the results of numerical analysis of the obtained dependences. It describes the virtual model, which enables calculating temperature distribution in an operating well. S.A. Yegurtsov, A.D. Polikarpov, N.I. Yurkiv,
Water-Soluble and Hydrocarbon-Soluble Mixtures Use for Well Stimulation
Keywords: field, mature phase, water-soluble and hydrocarbon-soluble chemicals, oil, water content, oil recovery ratio
The authors examine the complex physicochemical method of enhancing oil recovery from mature fields owing to the injection of large volumes of water-soluble and hydrocarbon- soluble chemicals. The flow is gathering the remaining oil and is forming the sustained wall of oil near the bottom of the injection well. This method is very efficient in case of high water content and recoverable reserves depletion to 98 per cent. This method can be used in the fields featuring high water content. O.M. Mezhenin, V.A. Nikolaev, O.V. Nikolaev,
Energy of Bed and Relaxation Effects while Gas Condensate Fields Development
Keywords: gas condensate bed, fields development, bed system relaxation, gas condensate fluid composition
The paper analyzes the efficiency of gas condensate fields development in terms of elastic energy input for hydrocarbons recovery. This method helps to value the energy of the gas recovery process and ethane-propane-butane fraction recovery and stable condensate recovery during the depletion mode and the pressure maintenance mode.
The authors compare the expected current injected gas input during the cycling process with bed gas input for hydrocarbons production in the depletion mode. This helps to forecast the optimal terms for shifting from gas injection to additional recovery of remaining hydrocarbon reserves. So, the total volume of injected gas could be minimized. The paper shows the impact of relaxation effects in a bed on gas input increase. A.M. Likhushin
Results of Experimental Research for Sludge Transport in Directional Well
Keywords: bench pipe, deviation angle, sludge dune, upward stream rate
At the moment, the directional drilling is widely used, including the fields with severe geological profiles for drilling operations and UGS. Sometimes, well drilling with horizontal tailing-in is the only method to drill off the spaces inaccessible for vertical wells (in the populated areas). The problem while a number of issues decision (incomplete sludge transport during drilling and forms of sludge gathering at the low hole wall, conditions of avalanche-type crushing, incompetent bed behavior, etc.) is explained with the the difference of the process taking place while directional drilling and horizontal well drilling if compared to vertical wells.
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